2 Samuel 14:2

Authorized King James Version

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And Joab sent to Tekoah, and fetched thence a wise woman, and said unto her, I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner, and put on now mourning apparel, and anoint not thyself with oil, but be as a woman that had a long time mourned for the dead:

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח sent H7971
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 1 of 26
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
יוֹאָב֙ And Joab H3097
יוֹאָב֙ And Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 2 of 26
joab, the name of three israelites
תְּק֔וֹעָה to Tekoah H8620
תְּק֔וֹעָה to Tekoah
Strong's: H8620
Word #: 3 of 26
tekoa, a place in palestine
וַיִּקַּ֥ח and fetched H3947
וַיִּקַּ֥ח and fetched
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 4 of 26
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
מִשָּׁ֖ם H8033
מִשָּׁ֖ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 5 of 26
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
כְּאִשָּׁ֗ה but be as a woman H802
כְּאִשָּׁ֗ה but be as a woman
Strong's: H802
Word #: 6 of 26
a woman
חֲכָמָ֑ה thence a wise H2450
חֲכָמָ֑ה thence a wise
Strong's: H2450
Word #: 7 of 26
wise, (i.e., intelligent, skilful or artful)
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר and said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 8 of 26
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵ֠לֶיהָ H413
אֵ֠לֶיהָ
Strong's: H413
Word #: 9 of 26
near, with or among; often in general, to
מִתְאַבֶּ֖לֶת mourned H56
מִתְאַבֶּ֖לֶת mourned
Strong's: H56
Word #: 10 of 26
to bewail
נָ֞א H4994
נָ֞א
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 11 of 26
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
וְלִבְשִׁי and put on H3847
וְלִבְשִׁי and put on
Strong's: H3847
Word #: 12 of 26
properly, wrap around, i.e., (by implication) to put on a garment or clothe (oneself, or another), literally or figuratively
נָ֣א H4994
נָ֣א
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 13 of 26
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
בִגְדֵי apparel H899
בִגְדֵי apparel
Strong's: H899
Word #: 14 of 26
a covering, i.e., clothing
אֵ֗בֶל now mourning H60
אֵ֗בֶל now mourning
Strong's: H60
Word #: 15 of 26
lamentation
וְאַל H408
וְאַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 16 of 26
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תָּס֙וּכִי֙ and anoint H5480
תָּס֙וּכִי֙ and anoint
Strong's: H5480
Word #: 17 of 26
properly, to smear over (with oil), i.e., anoint
שֶׁ֔מֶן not thyself with oil H8081
שֶׁ֔מֶן not thyself with oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 18 of 26
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
וְהָיִ֕ית H1961
וְהָיִ֕ית
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 19 of 26
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כְּאִשָּׁ֗ה but be as a woman H802
כְּאִשָּׁ֗ה but be as a woman
Strong's: H802
Word #: 20 of 26
a woman
זֶ֚ה H2088
זֶ֚ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 21 of 26
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
יָמִ֣ים time H3117
יָמִ֣ים time
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 22 of 26
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
רַבִּ֔ים that had a long H7227
רַבִּ֔ים that had a long
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 23 of 26
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
מִתְאַבֶּ֖לֶת mourned H56
מִתְאַבֶּ֖לֶת mourned
Strong's: H56
Word #: 24 of 26
to bewail
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 25 of 26
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מֵֽת׃ for the dead H4191
מֵֽת׃ for the dead
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 26 of 26
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis & Commentary

And Joab sent to Tekoah, and fetched thence a wise woman, and said unto her, I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner, and put on now mourning apparel, and anoint not thyself with oil, but be as a woman that had a long time mourned for the dead:

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Return, emphasizing incomplete reconciliation. Joab's elaborate scheme to restore Absalom demonstrates human wisdom that undermines divine purposes. The partial reconciliation (Absalom returns but doesn't see David's face) proves insufficient for genuine restoration. Theological themes include the inadequacy of human reconciliation methods apart from genuine repentance, the danger of manipulation even for apparently good ends, and the necessity of complete rather than partial restoration.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 14 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding incomplete reconciliation provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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